Assessments »Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics
Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K)

Developed by Bob Beichner, Genaro Zavala, Santa Tejeda, and Pablo Barniol

Purpose To assess students’ ability to interpret kinematics graphs.
Format Pre/post, Multiple-choice
Duration 45 min
Focus Mechanics Content knowledge (kinematics, graphing)
Level Intro college, High school
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Sample questions from the TUG-K:

TUG-K sample questionTUG-K sample question

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R. Beichner, Testing student interpretation of kinematics graphs, Am. J. Phys. 62 (8), 750 (1994).
RESEARCH VALIDATION
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Gold Star Validation
This is the highest level of research validation, corresponding to all seven of the validation categories below.

Research Validation Summary

Based on Research Into:

  • Student thinking

Studied Using:

  • Student interviews
  • Expert review
  • Appropriate statistical analysis

Research Conducted:

  • At multiple institutions
  • By multiple research groups
  • Peer-reviewed publication

The multiple-choice questions on the TUG-K were developed based on seven objectives which came from banks of test questions, introductory textbooks and informal interviews with instructors. Multiple-choice options were written based on previously studied student difficulties with kinematics graphs. Questions were given to over 350 high school and college students and then revised. Appropriate statistical analyses of discrimination and reliability were performed on version 2.6. Most questions had adequate discrimination and the overall reliability of the TUG-K is good. Students in calculus-based courses did significantly better on the TUG-K than algebra-based students. Appropriate statistical analyses of version 4.0 (the latest version) were also performed, and reasonable values for difficulty, discrimination and reliability were found. The TUG-K has been given to over 1000 students in both high school and introductory college courses at many institutions. There are three peer-reviewed publications reporting TUG-K results.

References

PhysPort provides translations of assessments as a service to our users, but does not endorse the accuracy or validity of translations. Assessments validated for one language and culture may not be valid for other languages and cultures.

Language Translator(s)  
Arabic Taha Massalha
Chinese Zhao Jialong and Lai Xueheng
Finnish Antti Savinainen and Kauko Kauhanen, Kuopion Lyseon lukio
French Robert Lacroix, Séminaire Salésien, Sherbrooke, (Qc), Canada
German Holger Durst
Greek Konstantinos Tsigaridis
Hebrew Taha Massalha
Portuguese Mariana de Almeida Jotta Barros, Vitor Luiz Bastos de Jesus, and Daniel Gulherme Gomes Sasaki
Spanish Genaro Zavala and Juan Velarde
Swedish Simon Moberg

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Typical Results

Typical results from Culbertson et al. (see Beichner, 1996 for more typical results)

The latest version of the TUG-K, released in 2017, is version 4.0. All validation research was done on version 2.6, which was released in 1996. The original author, Beichner, modified and expanded the assessment based on the results of this research and released versions 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2, which are nearly identical, in 2010. Zavala, Santa Tejeda, Barniol, and Beichner released version 4.0, with significant changes including "(i) the addition and removal of items to achieve parallelism in the objectives (dimensions) of the assessment, thus allowing comparisons of students’ performance that were not possible with the original version, and (ii) changes to the distractors of some of the original items that represent the most frequent alternative conceptions." Version 2.6 has 21 questions, whereas 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, and 4.0 have 26 questions. Question 10 has been changed from choosing the graph with the least area under the curve in version 2.6 to one asking how to find the object's change in acceleration in versions 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2. Question 25 has a slight wording difference between versions 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2, but they are otherwise the same. Most translations are available only for the original Version 2.6. (Spanish is available for 2.6 and 3.0.) Generally, authors update versions to clarify questions, change distracters to better reflect student thinking, and may slightly modify the content of the assessment to better reflect the most prevalent concepts as determined by faculty in the respective field. For the TUG-K, the author, Robert Beichner, says "feel free to administer any version you like."

The TUG-K2 is a variant of the TUG-K designed specifically for use in high school classrooms. The major difference is that the TUG-K2 de-emphasizes problems involving changing accelerations, which is rarely discussed in a high school setting. There are also a few completely new questions more appropriate for a high school level, such as one dealing with instantaneous velocity. Otherwise, there are a few minor differences, such as reporting numbers without scientific notation or simplifying the wording of questions (e.g., changing "What was the acceleration at t = 90 s?" to "What was the acceleration at the 90 s mark?").