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Research Validation

The level of research validation for an assessment is determined by how many of the following categories of research have been done on the instrument:

Categories of research validation:

Based on Research Into:

  • Student thinking (for observation protocols: Classroom behavior / for rubrics: Relevant theory and/or data)
Studied Using:
  • Student interviews (for observation protocols: Iterative observations / for rubrics: Iterative use of rubric)
  • Expert review (for observation protocols and rubrics: Inter-rater reliability)
  • Appropriate statistical analysis (for observation protocols: Training materials / for rubrics: Expert review)
Research Conducted:
  • At multiple institutions
  • By multiple research groups
  • Peer-reviewed publication

Research Validation Levels:

  • Gold Star: all 7 categories
  • Silver: 5 or more categories
  • Bronze: 3 or more categories
  • Research-Based: at least 1 category
Translations

7 Research-Based Assessments

Observation protocol
Detailed ViewCompact View

Teaching

Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP)

Teaching

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school, Middle school, Other

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Daiyo Sawada, Michael D. Piburn, Kathleen Falconer, Jeff Turley, and Irene Bloom; Translations: en,ja,zh,English,Japanese,Chinese; Translators: ,Sachiko Tosa,Weining Wu

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
N/A min

Teaching Dimensions Observation Protocol (TDOP)

Teaching

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school, Middle school, Other

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Matthew T. Hora and Joseph J. Ferrare; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
N/A min

Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS)

Teaching (What are the students doing?, What is the instructor doing?)

Levels: Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Michelle K. Smith, Francis H. M. Jones, Sarah L. Gilbert, and Carl E. Wieman; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
N/A min

Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (LOPUS)

Teaching (TA’s instructional behaviors, student behaviors, nature of verbal interactions between TA and students)

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school, Middle school, Other

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Jonathan B. Velasco, Adam Knedeisen, Dihua Xue, Trisha L. Vickrey, Marytza Abebe, and Marilyne Stains; Translations: ; Translators:

Silver Validated
N/A min

Real-time Instructor Observing Tool (RIOT)

Teaching

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Emily A. West, Cassandra A. Paul, David Webb, and Wendell H. Potter; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Silver Validated
N/A min

Behavioral Engagement Related to Instruction (BERI)

Teaching

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school, Middle school

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Erin S. Lane and Sara E. Harris; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Implementation Guide available Bronze Validated
N/A min

Student Participation Observation Tool (SPOT)

Teaching

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school, Middle school

Formats: Observation protocol

Developers: Katrina Roseler, Cara H. Theisen, & Cassandra A. Paul; Translations: ; Translators:

Bronze Validated