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Research Validation

The level of research validation for an assessment is determined by how many of the following categories of research have been done on the instrument:

Categories of research validation:

Based on Research Into:

  • Student thinking (for observation protocols: Classroom behavior / for rubrics: Relevant theory and/or data)
Studied Using:
  • Student interviews (for observation protocols: Iterative observations / for rubrics: Iterative use of rubric)
  • Expert review (for observation protocols and rubrics: Inter-rater reliability)
  • Appropriate statistical analysis (for observation protocols: Training materials / for rubrics: Expert review)
Research Conducted:
  • At multiple institutions
  • By multiple research groups
  • Peer-reviewed publication

Research Validation Levels:

  • Gold Star: all 7 categories
  • Silver: 5 or more categories
  • Bronze: 3 or more categories
  • Research-Based: at least 1 category

Translations

19 Research-Based Assessments

Spanish Translation Available
Detailed ViewCompact View

Content knowledge

Force Concept Inventory (FCI)

Mechanics Content knowledge (forces, kinematics)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: David Hestenes, Malcolm Wells, Gregg Swackhamer, Ibrahim Halloun, Richard Hake, and Eugene Mosca; Translations: ar,cs,de,el,en,es,fi,fr,hr,it,ja,nl,pt,ru,sv,zh,fa,fil,hu,id,ms,no,pl,sk,tr,th,is,he,hi,ca,bn,pa,ta,Arabic,Czech,German,Greek,English,Spanish,Finnish,French,Croatian,Italian,Japanese,Dutch,Portuguese,Russian,Swedish,Chinese,Persian,Filipino,Hungarian,Indonesian,Malay,Norwegian,Polish,Slovak,Turkish,Thai,Icelandic,Hebrew,Hindi,Catalan,Bengali,Punjabi,Tamil; Translators: Hisham A. Alhadlaq,J. Burešová, D. Mandíková, Odborná revize překladu: L. Dvořák, V. Žák, E. Hejnová, J. Králík,Christian Kautz based on a translation of the first version by H. Schecker and J. Gerdes,Constantine Naoum,,Enrique Macia-Barber, Maria Victoria Hernandez, and Jose Menendez,Ismo Koponen and Johanna Jauhiainen,Nathaniel Lasry (Canada); Bernard Blandin, Research Director, CESI (France),Maja Planinic, Lana Ivanjek, and Ana Susac,Leonardo Colletti,Ishimoto, Uematsu, Tsukamoto, Nitta and Lang,Eddy Carette,Inês Leitão and Luis Breda (Portugal); Debora Cantergi (Brazil),Igor Proleiko, modified by Jozef Hanc,Jonte Bernhard ( to access, contact jonbe@itn.liu.se ),Guo Chenyue (China - simplified); Hsing-Kuo (Taiwan - traditional),Masoumeh Ghasemi,Danilo A. Tadeo Jr,Gergely Nádori,Syuhendri,Jaafar Jantan, Ph.D.,Dr. Carl Angell & colleagues at English School Laboratory at University of Oslo,Andrzej (Andrew) Lewicki, Ph.D.,Josef Hanč, J. Tóth,Öğretme, Çiçek, Duran, Günneç, Köksal, Türkay,Pornrat Wattanakasiwich,Ragnheiður Guðmundsdóttir,Kobi Shvarzbord,Himanshu K. Pandey and Vijay A. Singh,Carme Parellada and Joan Garin,Pradipta Panchadhyayee and Ananda Dasgupta,Kulwinder Singh Mann and Ashish Kapoor,Bergin.G and Uthra Dorairajan

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
30 min

Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE)

Mechanics Content knowledge (kinematics, forces, energy, graphing)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Ron Thornton and David Sokoloff; Translations: en,es,ja,id,English,Spanish,Japanese,Indonesian; Translators: ,Olivier Espinosa and Hugo Alarcon,Michi Ishimoto,Purwoko Haryadi Santoso

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
35 min

Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K)

Mechanics Content knowledge (kinematics, graphing)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Bob Beichner, Genaro Zavala, Santa Tejeda, and Pablo Barniol; Translations: en,de,es,fr,pt,fi,ar,he,sv,el,zh,English,German,Spanish,French,Portuguese,Finnish,Arabic,Hebrew,Swedish,Greek,Chinese; Translators: ,Holger Durst,Genaro Zavala and Juan Velarde,Robert Lacroix, Séminaire Salésien, Sherbrooke, (Qc), Canada,Mariana de Almeida Jotta Barros, Vitor Luiz Bastos de Jesus, and Daniel Gulherme Gomes Sasaki,Antti Savinainen and Kauko Kauhanen, Kuopion Lyseon lukio,Taha Massalha,Taha Massalha,Simon Moberg,Konstantinos Tsigaridis,Zhao Jialong and Lai Xueheng

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
45 min

Mechanics Baseline Test (MBT)

Mechanics Content knowledge (kinematics, forces, momentum, energy)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Multiple-choice

Developers: David Hestenes and Malcom Wells; Translations: en,es,ja,pt,tr,de,fa,fi,fr,it,ms,el,English,Spanish,Japanese,Portuguese,Turkish,German,Persian,Finnish,French,Italian,Malay,Greek; Translators: ,Julio C. Benegas,Yamato Hasegawa and Jun-ichiro Yasduda,Inês Leitão and Luis Breda (Portugal),Salih Ates,Joern Gerdes,Masoumeh Ghasemi,Ismo Koponen and Johanna Jauhiainen,Bernard Blandin, Research Director, CESI (France),Leonardo Colletti, Liceo Carducci,Jaafar Jantan, Ph.D.,Konstantinos Tsigaridis

Implementation Guide available Bronze Validated
45 min

Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA)

Electricity / Magnetism Content knowledge (circuits, electrostatics, magnetic fields and forces)

Levels: Upper-level, Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Ruth Chabay and Bruce Sherwood; Translations: en,es,pt,sv,zh,ja,English,Spanish,Portuguese,Swedish,Chinese,Japanese; Translators: ,Genaro Zavala, Julio Benegas, Olivier Espinosa, and Hugo Alarcon,Ronai Lisboa and José Brás Barreto de Oliveira,David Nordman,Mi Su,Sachiko Tosa

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
45 min

Determining and Interpreting Resistive Electric Circuit Concepts Test (DIRECT)

Electricity / Magnetism Content knowledge (DC circuits)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Paula Engelhardt and Robert Beichner; Translations: en,el,es,fi,sv,zh,de,English,Greek,Spanish,Finnish,Swedish,Chinese,German; Translators: ,Achilleas Kapartzianis,Luis Pérez, José N. Caraballo, Wilfredo Otaño y Raúl Portuondo ,Antti-Ville Hurskainen and Pekka E. Hirvonen,Kajsa Fransson,Huixiong Chen,Roman Gruchow

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
30 min

Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM)

Electricity / Magnetism Content knowledge (electrostatics, magnetic fields and forces, Faraday's law)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: David Maloney, Alan van Heuvelen, Curtis Hieggelke, and Thomas O'Kuma; Translations: en,es,ms,sv,English,Spanish,Malay,Swedish; Translators: ,Genaro Zavala, Pablo Barniol, and Esmeralda Campos,Mohd Ariff Ab Ghani & Shahrul kadri Ayop,David Nordman

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
50 min

Mechanical Wave Conceptual Survey (MWCS)

Waves / Optics Content knowledge (mechanical waves, wave propagation, wave superposition, wave reflection, standing waves)

Levels: Intermediate, Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice, Multiple-response

Developers: Apisit Tongchai, Manjula D. Sharma, Ian D. Johnston, Kwan Arayathanitkul, and Chernchok Soankwan; Translations: en,th,es,English,Thai,Spanish; Translators: ,Apisit Tongchai, Kwan Arayathanitkul, and Chernchok Soankwan,Pablo Barniol, Genaro Zavala, Enrique Arribas, and Tere Franco

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
30 min

Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey 2 (MWCS2)

Waves / Optics Content knowledge (propagation, superposition, reflection, standing waves)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Pablo Barniol and Genaro Zavala; Translations: en,es,English,Spanish; Translators: ,

Silver Validated
30 min

Quantum Mechanics Formalism and Postulates Survey (QMFPS)

Modern / Quantum Content knowledge (quantum mechanics formalism, quantum mechanics postulates)

Levels: Graduate, Upper-level

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Emily Marshman and Chandralekha Singh; Translations: en,es,English,Spanish; Translators: ,Karen Milena Fonseca Romero

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
50 min

Test of Understanding of Vectors (TUV)

Mathematics Content knowledge (magnitude, direction, components, unit vector, addition, subtraction, multiplication, dot and cross product)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Pablo Barniol and Genaro Zavala; Translations: es,en,ar,Spanish,English,Arabic; Translators: Pablo Barniol and Genaro Zavala ,Pablo Barniol and Genaro Zavala ,Hisham Bani-Salameh

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
35 min

Astronomy Diagnostic Test 2.0 (ADT2)

Astronomy Content knowledge (apparent motion of the sun, scale of the solar system, phases of the moon, linear distance scales, seasons, global warming, nature of light, gravity, stars, cosmology)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: The Collaboration for Astronomy Education Research (CAER); Translations: en,es,sv,English,Spanish,Swedish; Translators: ,,Frida Torrång

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
Pre: 35 mins; Post: 25 min

Star Properties Concept Inventory (SPCI)

Astronomy Content knowledge (stellar properties, nuclear fusion, star formation)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Janelle Bailey, Bruce Johnson, Edward Prather, and Timothy Slater; Translations: en,ja,es,English,Japanese,Spanish; Translators: ,Michi Ishimoto,Agustín Vallejo

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
20-25 min

Lunar Phases Concept Inventory (LPCI)

Astronomy Content knowledge (phases of the moon)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Rebecca Lindell; Translations: en,es,English,Spanish; Translators: ,Agustín Vallejo

Implementation Guide available Bronze Validated
20-25 min

Problem solving

Minnesota Assessment of Problem Solving (MAPS)

Problem solving (Useful problem description, physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedures, logical progression)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Rubric

Developers: Jennifer Docktor and Ken Heller; Translations: en,es,English,Spanish; Translators: ,Nicolás Budini

Implementation Guide available Bronze Validated
N/A min

Scientific reasoning

Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR)

Scientific reasoning (proportional thinking, probabilistic thinking, correlational thinking, hypothetico-deductive reasoning)

Levels: Intro college, High school, Middle school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Anton Lawson; Translations: en,ar,es,sr,sv,English,Arabic,Spanish,Serbian,Swedish; Translators: ,Al-Zaghal ,Genaro Zavala and PERIG (Physics Education Research and Innovation Group),Branka Radulović,Joel Andreas Ozolins

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
30 min

Lab skills

Physics Lab Inventory of Critical Thinking (PLIC)

Lab skills (comparing measurements with uncertainty, evaluating data fitted to a model, generating and evaluating conclusions based on data, designing and evaluating experimental methods)

Levels: Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice, Multiple-response, Agree/disagree

Developers: N.G. Holmes, C.E. Wieman, K.N. Quinn, C.J. Walsh, & the Cornell Physics Education Research Lab; Translations: zh,en,fi,es,de,Chinese,English,Finnish,Spanish,German; Translators: Jin Wang and Suyu Wang,,Pekka Pirinen and Antti Lehtinen,Javier Carro,Burkhard Priemer and Christoph Maut

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
20-30 min

Beliefs / Attitudes

Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS)

Beliefs / Attitudes (epistemological beliefs)

Levels: Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice, Agree/disagree

Developers: W. K. Adams, K. K. Perkins, N. S. Podolefsky, M. Dubson, N. D. Finkelstein, and C. E. Wieman; Translations: en,es,fi,ja,zh,ar,tr,de,pt,sv,fr,id,English,Spanish,Finnish,Japanese,Chinese,Arabic,Turkish,German,Portuguese,Swedish,French,Indonesian; Translators: ,Genaro Zavala, Hugo Alarcon, and Angeles Domínguez,Mervi Asikainen,Michi Ishimoto and Hideo Nitta,Lin Ding and Ping Zhang,H. Alhadlaq, F. Alshaya, and S. Alabdulkareem,Derya Kaltakci,Christian Kautz, Hanno Holzhüter, and Felix Lehmann (This version is designed for an intro engineering class. Questions that don't make sense in a German engineering context have been removed.),Eduardo Gama and Marta F. Barroso, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Johan Henriksson,Vincent Sicotte,Mutmainna Kadir

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
8-10 min

Maryland Physics Expectations Survey (MPEX)

Beliefs / Attitudes (epistemological beliefs)

Levels: Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice, Agree/disagree

Developers: E. F. Redish, J. M. Saul, & R. N. Steinberg; Translations: en,es,English,Spanish; Translators: ,José Luis Santana Fajardo

Implementation Guide available Gold Star Validated
20-30 min